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Function and technology development of drilling fluid
Carrying function: when the drilling fluid circulates, it carries the rock cuttings broken by the drill bit at the bottom of the well to the ground through its own circulation, so as to keep the well hole clean, make the tripping unimpeded, and ensure that the drill bit always contacts and breaks the new formation at the bottom of the well without causing repeated cutting, thus maintaining safe and rapid drilling.
Suspension function: when single drilling is connected, tripping or circulation is stopped for some reason, the drilling fluid depends on its viscosity and shear force to suspend the drilling cuttings in the drilling fluid, so that the drilling cuttings will not sink quickly, so as to prevent the occurrence of complicated situations such as sand sinking and sticking.
Stabilizing shaft wall:
1. Select the appropriate drilling fluid density to produce sufficient supporting force on the borehole wall, so as to prevent the occurrence of downhole complex conditions such as well collapse.
2. The drilling fluid has good filtration wall building performance. A thin and tough mud cake is formed on the borehole wall to stabilize the drilled formation and prevent the liquid phase from invading the formation, thus weakening the degree of hydration expansion and dispersion of shale.
3. The drilling fluid has a good inhibitory effect, reducing the degree of shale hydration expansion and dispersion.
Polymers play a very important role in improving drilling speed and maintaining borehole stability. The emergence of polymer drilling fluid indicates that the drilling fluid technology has entered the scientific development stage. Polymer drilling fluid can be divided into the following types:
(1) Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide system
(2) KCl polymer drilling fluid system
(3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose system
